Hmm, there was a bug in early releases of v24 with some window managers, where the license manager window would be created, but not displayed. That should have been fixed in v24.0.2, so I'm not so sure that's it.
You can copy in the license manually though. Go to the terminal you started the installer from, and ctrl-c it to stop it. Copy your trial license to "DIR_YOU_INSTALLED_SE_TO/bin/slickedit.lic", and it should be set.